In 2003, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) completed a source water assessment for the Schuylkill River Watershed. This assessment identified threats to drinking water in the Schuylkill River Watershed, including pollutants from agriculture, abandoned mines, stormwater, and sewage. Since the majority of the watershed is outside of the City of Philadelphia's jurisdictional boundaries, PWD knew they had to work with upstream partners to address these threats. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Pennslyvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP), and PWD spearheaded the creation of the SAN, a network of partners collaborative in various workgroups to address pollution sources. The workgroups included Abandoned Mine Drainage, Agriculture, Pathogens/Compliance, and Stormwater, as well as a Planning Committee and Executive Steering Committee.